LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4What anime teaches · Sep 20, 2026

ぜんかい: 前回ぜんかい and 全開ぜんかい are different words, and the episode set they belong to

前回ぜんかい (ぜんかい) means "last time" and 全開ぜんかい (ぜんかい) means "wide open, at full power". They sound identical, they are written differently, and anime uses both constantly — one in the recap, one in the fight.

The recap one belongs to a small, tidy set — 前回ぜんかい, 今回こんかい, 次回じかい — that you hear at the start and end of almost every episode of almost every series, which makes it some of the highest-value vocabulary available to anyone learning from anime. The other one belongs to shouting. Learning them together is easier than learning either alone, because the pair is what stops you mis-hearing one as the other.

The basics

前回ぜんかい・今回こんかい・次回じかい — the episode set

Three words built on the counter 回かい (かい), "time / occasion".

Word Reading Meaning
前回ぜんかい ぜんかい last time, the previous one
今回こんかい こんかい this time
次回じかい じかい next time
毎回まいかい まいかい every time
初回しょかい しょかい the first time
最終回さいしゅうかい さいしゅうかい the final episode

前回ぜんかいの続つづきです。 — This continues from last time. (neutral, a recap line) 次回じかいもお楽たのしみに。 — Look forward to next time. (polite, the end-of-episode line)

次回予告じかいよこく (じかいよこく), "next-episode preview", is the phrase on screen at the end. If you have watched more than about three anime you have already heard all six of these words dozens of times without knowing they were a set.

Where else the set shows up

Everywhere that has repeating occasions: lessons, meetings, appointments, matches.

今回こんかいはここまでにしましょう。 — Let's stop here for this time. (polite — an extremely common end-of-lesson line) 次回じかいは水曜日すいようびです。 — Next time is Wednesday. (polite, scheduling)

These are not anime-only words. 今回こんかい in particular is standard business Japanese, and 今回こんかいはちょっと… is a soft way to decline something for this occasion only, leaving the future open.

And 全開ぜんかい?

全ぜん (all) + 開かい (open) — wide open, full throttle, at maximum.

窓まどを全開ぜんかいにする。 — To open the window all the way. (neutral, literal) エンジン全開ぜんかいで走はしった。 — He ran with the engine wide open. (casual, figurative)

The figurative use is the one you will meet first: 全開ぜんかい attached to a person means running at maximum output, no restraint. It is a compliment in a fight scene and a warning anywhere else.

Beyond the basics

How to tell them apart by ear

You cannot, from the sound alone — but you never have to, because the grammar around them is completely different.

  • 前回ぜんかい is followed by の or は. 前回ぜんかいの話はなし, 前回ぜんかいは. It is a point in time, so it behaves like a noun of time.
  • 全開ぜんかい is followed by に or で, or stands as a predicate. 全開ぜんかいにする, 全開ぜんかいで, 全開ぜんかいだ. It is a state.

前回ぜんかいはすごかった。 — Last time was amazing. (talking about an occasion) 全開ぜんかいだった。 — He was going all out. (describing a state)

This is the general escape route for Japanese homophones: the particle that follows almost always disambiguates before your brain has to guess. The wider version of this problem is in Japanese homophones.

The counter 回かい is the thing to actually learn

回かい counts occurrences, and once you have it, a large amount of vocabulary opens up at once.

一回いっかいだけ見みました。 — I watched it just once. (polite) 週しゅうに三回さんかい、練習れんしゅうします。 — I practise three times a week. (polite)

Note 週しゅうに三回さんかい — the に marks the period the count sits inside. If counters in general are still slow, Japanese counters is the foundation this whole article sits on.

前回ぜんかい vs この前まえ vs さっき

Three ways of saying "before", and they are not interchangeable.

  • 前回ぜんかい — the previous occurrence of a repeating thing. Requires a series.
  • この前まえ — the other day, recently. No series needed.
  • さっき — a moment ago, earlier today.

さっき電話でんわがありました。 — There was a call a moment ago. (polite — minutes ago) この前まえ、京都きょうとに行いきました。 — I went to Kyoto the other day. (polite — days or weeks ago)

前回ぜんかい京都きょうとに行いきました implies Kyoto trips are a recurring event with a numbered sequence, which is almost never what you mean. The general system of anchored time words is in how to say days ago in Japanese.

全快ぜんかい — a third ぜんかい

There is one more: 全快ぜんかい (ぜんかい), "full recovery from illness". It is much rarer than the other two but it turns up in get-well messages.

全快ぜんかいおめでとうございます。 — Congratulations on your full recovery. (polite, written)

Three words, one sound. Context does all the work, and the topic — an episode, an engine, a hospital — resolves it instantly.

Common mistakes

  • Using 前回ぜんかい for "the other day". 前回ぜんかい needs a sequence. For a one-off past event, use この前まえ or 先日せんじつ.
  • Reading 次回じかい as じかいめ. It is じかい. 二回目にかいめ (にかいめ) is a different word meaning "the second time".
  • Writing 全開ぜんかい when you mean 前回ぜんかい. They are the same in kana, so the kanji is the only thing keeping them apart in writing — this is a real error in typed Japanese, because the conversion picks one for you.
  • Assuming 今回こんかい is formal. It is neutral and used in ordinary speech, including by teachers ending a lesson.
  • Treating 最終回さいしゅうかい as "last time". 最終回さいしゅうかい is the final episode of a whole series, not the previous one.

The three ぜんかい

Word Meaning Typical company
前回ぜんかい Last time, previous occasion の, は — 前回ぜんかいの話はなし, 前回ぜんかいは
全開ぜんかい Wide open, full power に, で, だ — 全開ぜんかいにする, 全開ぜんかいだ
全快ぜんかい Full recovery from illness おめでとう, する — 全快ぜんかいしました

FAQ

Is 前回ぜんかい used outside anime? Constantly — lessons, meetings, medical appointments, anything with a next one scheduled. It is ordinary vocabulary, not a media word.

What is 次回予告じかいよこく? The next-episode preview at the end of an anime episode. 予告よこく means "advance notice", and the same word is used for film trailers: 映画えいがの予告よこく.

How do I say "the second time"? 二回目にかいめ (にかいめ). The 〜目め suffix turns a count into an ordinal, so 三回目さんかいめ is "the third time".

Is 全開ぜんかい slang? No, it is ordinary vocabulary. The literal use — opening a window or a tap all the way — is completely standard, and the figurative use is informal but not slang.

Why does anime say 次回じかい rather than 来週らいしゅう? Because 次回じかい refers to the next instalment whenever it comes, while 来週らいしゅう commits to next week. Broadcast schedules break; 次回じかい never has to apologise.

What does 今回こんかいはちょっと mean when someone declines? "Not this time" — it refuses the current occasion while explicitly leaving future ones open, which is why it is a soft no rather than a flat one.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 5 and 6 are a pair — same sound, two different words.

1. Say "this continues from last time."

Show answer

前回ぜんかいの続つづきです — 前回ぜんかい takes の when it modifies a noun.

2. Say the end-of-episode line: "look forward to next time."

Show answer

次回じかいもお楽たのしみに — 次回じかい is read じかい, not じかいめ.

3. End a lesson politely.

Show answer

今回こんかいはここまでにしましょう — 今回こんかい is ordinary polite Japanese, not a media word.

4. Say "I practise three times a week."

Show answer

週しゅうに三回さんかい、練習れんしゅうします — the に marks the period the count sits inside.

5. Which ぜんかい is this: ___はすごかった。

Show answer

前回ぜんかい — は after it marks an occasion being talked about. This is the pair to question 6.

6. Which ぜんかい is this: 窓まどを___にする。

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全開ぜんかい — を…にする describes putting something into a state. This is the pair to question 5.

7. Something is wrong here: 前回ぜんかい、京都きょうとに行いきました。(you went once, as a holiday)

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この前まえ、京都きょうとに行いきました — 前回ぜんかい needs a repeating series. A one-off trip takes この前まえ or 先日せんじつ.

8. Say "I watched it just once."

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一回いっかいだけ見みました — 回かい is the counter for occurrences.

9. How do you say "the second time"?

Show answer

二回目にかいめ(にかいめ) — 〜目め turns a count into an ordinal.

10. Someone says 今回こんかいはちょっと…. What are they doing?

Show answer

Declining, softly — refusing this occasion while leaving future ones open. A flat no is almost never said.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

前回	ぜんかい — last time, previous occasion
今回	こんかい — this time
次回	じかい — next time
毎回	まいかい — every time
初回	しょかい — the first time
最終回	さいしゅうかい — the final episode
予告	よこく — advance notice, trailer
全開	ぜんかい — wide open, full power
全快	ぜんかい — full recovery from illness
続き	つづき — continuation
練習	れんしゅう — practice
窓	まど — window
先日	せんじつ — the other day
楽しみ	たのしみ — something to look forward to
回	かい — counter for occasions
週	しゅう — week

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 前回ぜんかい・今回こんかい・次回じかい is the set my students have heard the most and recognised the least — it is sitting in the first and last thirty seconds of nearly every episode they have ever watched.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

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