LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Lesson notes · Oct 4, 2026

Half in Japanese: 半分はんぶん (はんぶん), 半はん, 半額はんがく, and 半分はんぶんこ

"Half" in Japanese is 半分はんぶん (はんぶん): ケーキを半分はんぶん食たべた means "I ate half the cake". When half attaches to a time or another word, Japanese uses just 半はん (はん): 3時半じはん (half past three), 半年はんとし (half a year), 半額はんがく (half price).

半分はんぶん is a beginner word that keeps paying off. You need it to share food, to read supermarket stickers, to tell the time, and to talk about how much of a book or a show you have finished. The rule of thumb is simple: 半分はんぶん stands on its own as "a half", while 半はん is a prefix or suffix that glues onto other words. This post goes through both, with the everyday compounds you will actually see.

How do you use 半分はんぶん?

What does 半分はんぶん mean?

半分はんぶん (はんぶん) is "half" or "a half" of something. It works as a noun, and you can use it with の, with に, or on its own as an amount.

ピザを半分はんぶん食たべました。 — I ate half the pizza. (polite, an amount) 半分はんぶんちょうだい。 — Give me half. (casual, between friends or family)

The kanji 分ぶん means "part" or "divide", so 半分はんぶん is literally "the half part".

How do you say "half of ~"?

Use [thing] の半分はんぶん, "half of [thing]". This is the pattern for fractions of a whole.

クラスの半分はんぶんが休やすみでした。 — Half the class was absent. (polite, describing a group) 給料きゅうりょうの半分はんぶんは家賃やちんです。 — Half my salary goes on rent. (polite, a sigh)

How do you say "cut in half"?

Use 半分はんぶんに + verb: 半分はんぶんに切きる (cut in half), 半分はんぶんにする (make it half), 半分はんぶんに分わける (split in half).

りんごを半分はんぶんに切きってください。 — Please cut the apple in half. (polite, kitchen) 砂糖さとうを半分はんぶんにしました。 — I halved the sugar. (polite, adjusting a recipe)

What does 半分はんぶんこ mean?

半分はんぶんこ (はんぶんこ) is a cute, casual word for splitting something in half to share. Children say it, couples say it, and it is the warmest way to offer to share.

このパン、半分はんぶんこしよう。 — Let's split this bread. (casual, affectionate)

When do you use 半はん instead of 半分はんぶん?

How do you say "half past" with time?

Add 半はん after the hour: 3時半じはん (さんじはん), "half past three". You never say 3時半じはん分ふん.

7時半じはんに起おきます。 — I get up at half past seven. (polite, daily routine)

For the rest of the clock, see how to tell time in Japanese.

How do you say "half a year" or "half a day"?

Put 半はん before the unit: 半年はんとし (はんとし, half a year), 半日はんにち (はんにち, half a day). For "one and a half", put 半はん after: 一年半いちねんはん (いちねんはん, a year and a half).

日本語にほんごを勉強べんきょうして半年はんとしです。 — It's been half a year since I started studying Japanese. (polite, progress) 一年半いちねんはんぐらい日本にほんに住すんでいました。 — I lived in Japan for about a year and a half. (polite, past experience)

For the 〜間あいだ pattern with durations, see duration counters.

What does 半額はんがく mean?

半額はんがく (はんがく) means "half price", and you will see it on stickers in every supermarket in Japan. Evening discounts on bento and side dishes are a familiar part of shopping, and 半額はんがく is the sticker everyone looks for.

お弁当べんとうが半額はんがくになっていた。 — The bento was half price. (casual, a small win) 半額はんがくシールを探さがす。 — I look for the half-price stickers. (casual, a shopping habit)

You will also see 割引わりびき (わりびき), "discount", and 〜割引わりびき, as in 3割引わりびき, "30% off". For prices in general, see how to ask prices.

What other 半はん words are common?

半袖はんそで (はんそで, short sleeves), 半熟はんじゅく (はんじゅく, soft-boiled or half-cooked), and 半はんズボン (はんズボン, shorts).

今日きょうは暑あついから半袖はんそでで行いく。 — It's hot today, so I'll go in short sleeves. (casual) 半熟はんじゅくの卵たまごが好すきです。 — I like soft-boiled eggs. (polite, a food preference)

半熟卵はんじゅくたまご is a big deal in ramen culture; a perfectly runny egg is often a selling point.

Beyond the basics

What does 半なかば mean?

半なかば (なかば) means "the middle" of a period, or "half" in a more formal sense. 10月がつ半なかば is "mid-October", and 半なかばあきらめた is "half gave up".

10月がつ半なかばに引っ越ひっこします。 — I'm moving in mid-October. (polite, a plan)

What does 半信半疑はんしんはんぎ mean?

半信半疑はんしんはんぎ (はんしんはんぎ) means "half believing, half doubting": not sure whether to believe something. It is a common four-character expression.

最初さいしょは半信半疑はんしんはんぎだった。 — At first I was half doubtful. (casual, looking back)

For more of these, see four-character idioms.

What do 半分冗談はんぶんじょうだん and 中途半端ちゅうとはんぱ mean?

半分はんぶん can also describe doing something halfway: 半分冗談はんぶんじょうだんで (はんぶんじょうだんで), "half jokingly". 中途半端ちゅうとはんぱ (ちゅうとはんぱ) means "half-done" or "incomplete", and it is a mild criticism.

半分冗談はんぶんじょうだんで言いったのに、本気ほんきにされた。 — I said it half jokingly, but they took it seriously. (casual) 中途半端ちゅうとはんぱにやめないで。 — Don't quit halfway. (casual, encouragement)

What about ハーフ?

ハーフ is used for a half marathon (ハーフマラソン) and, in everyday Japanese, for a person with one Japanese parent and one parent from another country. The second use is very common, and some people describe themselves that way. Others dislike it, because it can sound like being only "half" of something, and they prefer ミックス, ダブル or simply naming their own background. This is a sensitive topic, so as a learner it is safest not to label anyone, and to use whatever word the person uses about themselves. The 半はん in 半分はんぶん and 半額はんがく is about amounts, not people.

Quick reference

Word Reading Meaning Note
半分はんぶん はんぶん half stands alone
〜の半分はんぶん 〜のはんぶん half of ~ fractions
半分はんぶんこ はんぶんこ split to share cute, casual
〜時半じはん 〜じはん half past time
半年はんとし / 半日はんにち はんとし / はんにち half a year / day 半はん before
一年半いちねんはん いちねんはん a year and a half 半はん after
半額はんがく はんがく half price supermarkets
半袖はんそで / 半熟はんじゅく はんそで / はんじゅく short sleeves / soft-boiled compounds
中途半端ちゅうとはんぱ ちゅうとはんぱ half-done criticism

Common mistakes

  • Saying 3時半じはん分ふん. It is 3時半じはん.
  • Saying 半分はんぶん年ねん for half a year. It is 半年はんとし.
  • Saying 一年いちねんと半分はんぶん. Use 一年半いちねんはん.
  • Using 半分はんぶん for "half price". On stickers and in shops, it is 半額はんがく.
  • Calling a person ハーフ without thinking. The word is common, but it is sensitive, and some people dislike it. Follow the word the person uses about themselves.

Practice

Try each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: 半分はんぶん alone versus 半はん attached to a word.

1. Say "I ate half the pizza."

Show answer

ピザを半分はんぶん食たべました。 — 半分はんぶん works as an amount.

2. Say "Half the class was absent."

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クラスの半分はんぶんが休やすみでした。 — [thing] の半分はんぶん is "half of [thing]".

3. Ask someone to cut an apple in half.

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りんごを半分はんぶんに切きってください。 — 半分はんぶんに切きる, "cut in half".

4. Say "I get up at half past seven."

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7時半じはんに起おきます。 — with time, just 半はん. This is the pair to question 3.

5. Offer affectionately to split some bread.

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このパン、半分はんぶんこしよう。 — 半分はんぶんこ is a cute word for sharing half and half.

6. Say "It's been half a year since I started studying Japanese."

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日本語にほんごを勉強べんきょうして半年はんとしです。 — half a year is 半年はんとし.

7. Say "a year and a half".

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一年半いちねんはん — 半はん comes after the unit for "and a half".

8. A sticker on a bento says 半額はんがく. What does it mean?

Show answer

Half price — 半額はんがく is the half-price discount.

9. Say "I like soft-boiled eggs" politely.

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半熟はんじゅくの卵たまごが好すきです。 — 半熟はんじゅく is half-cooked, soft-boiled.

10. Encourage a friend: "Don't quit halfway."

Show answer

中途半端ちゅうとはんぱにやめないで。 — 中途半端ちゅうとはんぱ means half-done, incomplete.

FAQ

How do you say "half" in Japanese? 半分はんぶん (はんぶん). Attached to other words, it becomes 半はん (はん).

How do you say "half past" in Japanese? Add 半はん to the hour: 3時半じはん is half past three.

What does 半分はんぶんこ mean? Splitting something in half to share. It is cute and casual.

What is 半額はんがく? Half price. You will see 半額はんがく stickers in supermarkets, often in the evening.

How do you say "a year and a half"? 一年半いちねんはん (いちねんはん). "Half a year" is 半年はんとし (はんとし).

What does 中途半端ちゅうとはんぱ mean? Half-done, incomplete, or half-hearted. It is a mild criticism.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

半分	はんぶん — half
半分こ	はんぶんこ — splitting to share
半年	はんとし — half a year
半日	はんにち — half a day
一年半	いちねんはん — a year and a half
半額	はんがく — half price
割引	わりびき — discount
半袖	はんそで — short sleeves
半熟	はんじゅく — soft-boiled, half-cooked
半ズボン	はんずぼん — shorts
半ば	なかば — middle; half (formal)
半信半疑	はんしんはんぎ — half believing, half doubting
中途半端	ちゅうとはんぱ — half-done, incomplete
冗談	じょうだん — joke
家賃	やちん — rent

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 半分はんぶん and 半額はんがく tend to come up together in beginner lessons about shopping and prices, which is why this post covers the supermarket sticker alongside the fraction. For practice with feedback, Book a trial lesson · $13, or try the Japanese practice exercises first.

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference dictionaries.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5 · Read something at this level: JLPT N5 stories with audio

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