LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Lesson notes · Sep 25, 2026

Dousei vs doukyo: how do you say "living together" in Japanese?

同棲どうせい (dousei) means a couple living together without being married. 同居どうきょ (doukyo) means sharing a home with someone — most often family. If you only want to say "we live together" without labelling the relationship, 一緒いっしょに住すんでいる is the safe, neutral choice.

This pair comes up in lessons at a very specific moment: someone is describing their partner, they are not engaged yet, they share an apartment, and the sentence stops. English has one phrase, "living together," and it quietly covers roommates, parents and partners. Japanese splits it, and the word you pick tells the listener what kind of relationship it is.

The basics

What does 同棲どうせい mean?

同棲どうせい is a couple — romantic partners — living under one roof before (or instead of) marriage. The kanji are 同どう "same" and 棲せい "to dwell," a character you will almost never see anywhere else.

彼女かのじょと同棲どうせいしています。 — I live with my girlfriend. (polite, clearly a couple) 来月らいげつから同棲どうせいを始はじめる予定よていです。 — We're planning to move in together next month. (polite, the usual verb pairing is 同棲どうせいを始はじめる)

同棲どうせい is a する-verb, so it works as 同棲どうせいする, 同棲どうせいしている, 同棲中どうせいちゅう ("currently living together") and so on.

What does 同居どうきょ mean?

同居どうきょ is sharing a home with someone, with no romance implied. By far the most common use is family — especially an adult child and their parents, or a married couple living with one set of in-laws.

両親りょうしんと同居どうきょしています。 — I live with my parents. (polite, a neutral statement of fact) 結婚けっこんしてから、夫おっとの母ははと同居どうきょしています。 — Since getting married, I've lived with my husband's mother. (polite, a very typical 同居どうきょ situation)

It can also be used for a housemate or a pet, but for friends sharing an apartment most people in everyday talk say ルームシェア instead.

Which one is the neutral way to say "we live together"?

Neither. The plain verb phrase 一緒いっしょに住すんでいる ("living together") does not label anything, which is exactly why it is so useful.

友達ともだちと一緒いっしょに住すんでいます。 — I live with a friend. (polite, no label) 今いま、パートナーと一緒いっしょに住すんでいます。 — I'm living with my partner right now. (polite, relationship is clear from パートナー, not from the verb)

If you are not sure which word fits, or you simply don't want to announce the relationship, 一緒いっしょに住すんでいる is never wrong. Note the particle: it is と一緒いっしょに住すむ "live with someone," and the place takes に — 東京とうきょうに住すんでいる. If に and で still trip you up with 住すむ, see で vs に.

Beyond the basics

Does 同棲どうせい sound bad in Japanese?

It used to carry a little weight. For older speakers, 同棲どうせい can still sound like something you would not mention at a family dinner, because it assumes a couple who are not married. For most people under forty it is simply a factual word, and you will hear it in ordinary conversation, dating shows and TV dramas.

The practical advice: with friends and in casual talk, 同棲どうせい is fine. With someone older, a boss, or someone you just met, 一緒いっしょに住すんでいる plus the word for your partner does the same job without inviting a reaction.

実じつは、恋人こいびとと同棲どうせいしてるんだ。 — Actually, I live with my partner. (casual, among friends) 婚約者こんやくしゃと一緒いっしょに住すんでおります。 — I live with my fiancé(e). (very polite, no 同棲どうせい needed)

What about 同居どうきょ with in-laws?

This is where 同居どうきょ becomes a loaded word, but in a different way. In Japan, a couple moving in with the husband's or wife's parents is a big household decision, and 同居どうきょ is the word for it. People ask 同居どうきょですか? the way English speakers might ask "Do you live near your parents?" — and the answer often comes with feelings attached.

義理ぎりの両親りょうしんと同居どうきょするかどうか、まだ決きめていません。 — We haven't decided yet whether to live with my in-laws. (polite)

Related words you will hear in the same conversation: 二世にせい帯おび住宅じゅうたく (a house built for two generations, often with two kitchens), 別居べっきょ (a married couple living apart, sometimes as a step toward divorce), and 実家じっか (your parents' home — more on that in jikka, jimoto and kisei).

How do anime and dramas use these words?

Romantic comedies love the setup where two characters end up under one roof by accident — a mix-up with an apartment, a parent's remarriage, a sudden transfer. Fans call that genre 同居どうきょもの, not 同棲どうせいもの, and the choice is deliberate: 同居どうきょ says "they share a house" without claiming they are a couple yet. The tension of the story is exactly that gap. When the relationship finally becomes official and they keep living together, characters start saying 同棲どうせい.

え、同棲どうせいじゃないよ!ただの同居どうきょだから! — Hey, we're not living together as a couple! We just share the place! (casual, the classic rom-com denial)

That one line is the whole difference between the two words.

What is 半同棲はんどうせい?

半はん means "half." 半同棲はんどうせい is the stage where one person keeps their own apartment but sleeps at the other's place most nights. It is informal, a little playful, and very common among people in their twenties.

今いまは半同棲はんどうせいみたいな感かんじです。 — Right now we're sort of half living together. (polite, relaxed)

Common mistakes

  • Using 同居どうきょ for your girlfriend or boyfriend. 彼氏かれしと同居どうきょしています is not wrong grammatically, but it sounds oddly cold, like you are listing him as a housemate. If he is your partner, say 同棲どうせい or 一緒いっしょに住すんでいる.
  • Using 同棲どうせい for parents or friends. 母ははと同棲どうせいしています makes people stop and stare, because 同棲どうせい only means a couple.
  • Forgetting that 同棲どうせい is a verb. You need する: 同棲どうせいしています, not 同棲どうせいです when you mean the action. 同棲中どうせいちゅうです ("currently cohabiting") is the natural short noun form.
  • Wrong particle with 住すむ. It is 彼かれと一緒いっしょに住すむ (with と) and 大阪おおさかに住すむ (with に). 大阪おおさかで住すむ is a common learner slip.
  • Reaching for 生活せいかつする. 一緒いっしょに生活せいかつしている is understandable but sounds like a report or a documentary. For everyday speech, 住すんでいる is the natural verb.

Which word should you use?

Who you live with Natural word Example
Boyfriend / girlfriend / partner, not married 同棲どうせい (or 一緒いっしょに住すんでいる) 彼女かのじょと同棲どうせいしています
Fiancé(e) 同棲どうせい in casual talk, 一緒いっしょに住すんでいる when polite 婚約者こんやくしゃと一緒いっしょに住すんでいます
Spouse Just 住すんでいる — no special word needed 妻つまと二人ふたりで住すんでいます
Your parents or in-laws 同居どうきょ 両親りょうしんと同居どうきょしています
Friends, roommates ルームシェア / 一緒いっしょに住すんでいる 友達ともだちとルームシェアしています
Married, but living apart 別居べっきょ 今いまは別居べっきょしています
Don't want to say 一緒いっしょに住すんでいる パートナーと一緒いっしょに住すんでいます

Practice

Answers are hidden — try your own sentence first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same person, two different relationships.

1. Tell a friend, casually: "I'm living with my boyfriend now."

Show answer

今いま、彼氏かれしと同棲どうせいしてるんだ。 — a romantic partner, not married, so 同棲どうせい. 一緒いっしょに住すんでる also works.

2. Now politely: "I live with my parents."

Show answer

両親りょうしんと同居どうきょしています。 — family, so 同居どうきょ. 同棲どうせい here would sound like the parents are your partner.

3. Say it without labelling the relationship: "I live with my partner."

Show answer

パートナーと一緒いっしょに住すんでいます。 — 一緒いっしょに住すんでいる never commits to a label, so it is the safe choice with anyone.

4. Fix the particle: 東京とうきょうで一緒いっしょに住すんでいます。

Show answer

東京とうきょうに一緒いっしょに住すんでいます。 — 住すむ marks where you live with に, because it is where you stay, not where an action happens.

5. "We're planning to move in together next month."

Show answer

来月らいげつから同棲どうせいを始はじめる予定よていです。 — 同棲どうせいを始はじめる is the usual pairing for "start living together."

6. Which word fits: a married couple who now live in separate homes?

Show answer

別居べっきょ — used for spouses living apart. 同居どうきょ is the opposite: sharing the same home.

7. A rom-com character insists: "We're not a couple, we just share the house!" Which word do they use for "share the house"?

Show answer

同居どうきょ — ただの同居どうきょだから! The whole joke is that 同居どうきょ does not claim romance and 同棲どうせい does.

8. Say politely: "We haven't decided whether to live with my in-laws."

Show answer

義理ぎりの両親りょうしんと同居どうきょするかどうか、まだ決きめていません。 — in-laws are family, so 同居どうきょ. かどうか turns it into "whether or not."

9. "Right now we're sort of half living together."

Show answer

今いまは半同棲はんどうせいみたいな感かんじです。 — 半はん adds "half." みたいな感かんじ keeps it relaxed, since 半同棲はんどうせい is itself an informal word.

10. What is odd about 母ははと同棲どうせいしています?

Show answer

同棲どうせい only means a couple. With a parent it has to be 母ははと同居どうきょしています or 母ははと一緒いっしょに住すんでいます.

FAQ

Is 同棲どうせい the same as common-law marriage? No. 同棲どうせい just means a couple sharing a home. A couple who deliberately live as spouses without registering the marriage call it 事実婚じじつこん, which is a separate idea with legal weight.

Can I use 同居どうきょ for a pet? You can — ペットと同居どうきょ appears in housing ads and articles — but in conversation people just say 猫ねこと住すんでいる or 猫ねこを飼かっている.

What do you call the person you share a home with? 同居人どうきょにん is the formal word, used on documents and in news reports. In daily life people say ルームメイト for a roommate, or simply name the relationship: 彼氏かれし, 彼女かのじょ, 母はは.

Is 同棲どうせい okay to say in a job interview? It is not rude, but it is more personal than an interview needs. If it comes up, 家族かぞくと住すんでいます or パートナーと住すんでいます gives the fact without the label.

How do I say "move in together"? 同棲どうせいを始はじめる for a couple, or 一緒いっしょに住すみ始はじめる for anyone. 引っ越ひっこす alone only means "move house."

What does 同居どうきょもの mean? It is a fan term for stories where characters end up sharing a home, usually by accident. It is a common rom-com setup — for more words fans use about anime genres, see otaku slang.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

同棲	どうせい — a couple living together before or without marriage
同居	どうきょ — sharing a home, especially with family
一緒に住む	いっしょにすむ — to live together (neutral)
半同棲	はんどうせい — half living together
別居	べっきょ — a married couple living apart
二世帯住宅	にせたいじゅうたく — a house built for two generations
義理の両親	ぎりのりょうしん — parents-in-law
婚約者	こんやくしゃ — fiancé(e)
同居人	どうきょにん — housemate (formal)
事実婚	じじつこん — common-law marriage
実家	じっか — your parents' home
恋人	こいびと — partner, lover

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 同棲どうせい and 同居どうきょ come up when an advanced learner describes their home life and pauses on the one word they need — the fix takes thirty seconds, and afterwards the whole rom-com genre makes more sense. More family words are in ani vs oniisan.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N3

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