LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Talking to real people · Sep 24, 2026

Jikka, jimoto, kisei: how Japanese talks about "going home

Japanese has separate words for the pieces English packs into "home": 実家じっか (じっか) is the house your parents live in, 地元じもと (じもと) is the area you grew up in, and 帰省きせい (きせい) is the trip back. "I went back to my parents' place for the holidays" is 休やすみに実家じっかに帰かえった — one short sentence where English needs a phrase.

The reason learners stumble here is that English "home" means wherever you live now. In Japanese, 家いえ (いえ) is where you live now, and 実家じっか is where you come from. Using one for the other changes the story.

The basics

What does 実家じっか mean?

実家じっか is your parents' home — the house (or apartment) your family lives in, as opposed to the place you live now. Adults use it constantly, because once you move out, you need a word for "my parents' place" that is not your own home.

週末しゅうまつ、実家じっかに帰かえります。 — I'm going back to my parents' place this weekend. (polite, very common) 実家じっかは大阪おおさかです。 — My family home is in Osaka. / My family is from Osaka. (where you come from) 実家じっか暮くらしです。 — I live with my parents. (literally "family-home living")

Note the verb: you 帰かえる (return) to 実家じっか, even if you have not lived there for ten years. 実家じっかに行いく sounds like you are visiting someone else's house.

What does 地元じもと mean?

地元じもと is your local area, and in particular the town or neighbourhood where you grew up. It is wider than 実家じっか: 実家じっか is a building, 地元じもと is the streets, the friends, the local shops.

地元じもとの友ともだちと飲のみに行いった。 — I went drinking with friends from back home. (your hometown crowd) 地元じもとはどこですか? — Where are you from? / Where's your hometown? (casual-polite) 地元じもとの人ひとしか知しらない店みせ。 — A place only locals know. (地元じもと as "local")

The last example shows the second meaning: 地元じもと can also mean "local" for wherever you are standing, which is why travel guides use 地元じもとの人ひと for "locals."

What does 帰省きせい mean?

帰省きせい is the trip back to your 実家じっか, usually for a long holiday. It is the word news reports use for the huge travel rush at New Year, in the summer Obon holidays, and in Golden Week.

お盆ぼんに帰省きせいする予定よていです。 — I'm planning to go back home for Obon. (polite) 帰省きせいラッシュで新幹線しんかんせんが満席まんせきだ。 — The bullet trains are full because of the homecoming rush. (news-style)

In conversation, most people say 実家じっかに帰かえる instead. 帰省きせい is slightly formal, and very common in writing and the news.

Side by side

Word Reading What it is English
家いえ いえ / うち Where you live now home, my place
実家じっか じっか Your parents' home my parents' place
地元じもと じもと The area you grew up in; local hometown, back home, local
故郷こきょう / ふるさと こきょう / ふるさと Your birthplace, with feeling homeland, where I'm from
帰省きせい きせい The trip back home going home for the holidays

Beyond the basics

Why does "I went to my town" sound strange?

Because Japanese marks the relationship with a specific word. 私わたしの町まちに行いきました is grammatically fine but sounds like you visited a town you own. What a Japanese speaker says is 地元じもとに帰かえりました (back to my hometown) or 実家じっかに帰かえりました (back to my parents' place). And when family comes to see you, the natural version adds a favour:

母ははが会あいに来きてくれた。 — My mum came to see me. (the てくれる adds "for me")

Just 母ははが来きました is correct but flat. 来きてくれた carries the gratitude that the English "came all the way to see me" has. More on that shape is in あげる, くれる, もらう.

What is the difference between 地元じもと and 故郷こきょう?

故郷こきょう (こきょう), also written ふるさと, is the emotional word — the place you are from, seen with some nostalgia. It is common in songs, speeches and writing. 地元じもと is the everyday word, and it has no special feeling attached.

故郷こきょうの景色けしきが懐なつかしい。 — I miss the scenery of my hometown. (emotional, a little literary) 地元じもとに新あたらしいカフェができた。 — A new café opened back home. (just information)

In daily conversation, a person who says 故郷こきょう about a trip home sounds like a poem. 地元じもと is what you want.

How do you say "a day trip home"?

日帰ひがえり (ひがえり) is "going and coming back the same day." It pairs naturally with 実家じっか.

実家じっかに日帰ひがえりで行いってきた。 — I made a day trip to my parents' place. (no overnight stay) 日帰ひがえり旅行りょこう — a day trip (any destination)

Here 行いってきた is fine instead of 帰かえった, because the focus is the round trip. For the phrase you say when you arrive, ただいま and おかえり is exactly what gets used at the door of the 実家じっか.

How does it sound in anime and dramas?

実家じっか appears in almost every slice-of-life series with an adult character, often in the line 実家じっかに帰かえらせていただきます — "I'm going back to my parents'!" — the classic, slightly comic threat of a spouse walking out. The excessive politeness is the joke. 地元じもと shows up with friends: 地元じもとの先輩せんぱい (an older kid from the neighbourhood) and 地元じもと愛あい (hometown pride).

Common mistakes

  • Saying 家いえに帰かえる for your parents' place. 家いえ is where you live now. If you have moved out, your parents' house is 実家じっか.
  • Saying 実家じっかに行いく. You 帰かえる to your 実家じっか, even decades later. 行いく sounds like someone else's house.
  • Saying 私わたしの町まち for hometown. Say 地元じもと. 私わたしの町まち sounds like you run the place.
  • Using 故郷こきょう in everyday chat. It is emotional and a little literary. For information, use 地元じもと.
  • Using 帰省きせい for a quick visit. 帰省きせい implies the long-holiday trip back. For a quick visit, say 実家じっかに帰かえった or 実家じっかに寄よった.
  • Forgetting てくれる when family visits you. 母ははが来きた is flat; 母ははが会あいに来きてくれた sounds grateful and natural.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: 帰かえる versus 行いく.

1. Say "I'm going back to my parents' place this weekend," politely.

Show answer

週末しゅうまつ、実家じっかに帰かえります — 実家じっか with 帰かえる, because it is where you come from.

2. Say "I'm going to my friend's parents' place this weekend."

Show answer

週末しゅうまつ、友ともだちの実家じっかに行いきます — someone else's 実家じっか, so 行いく. 帰かえる only works for your own.

3. Ask a new acquaintance where their hometown is, casually but politely.

Show answer

地元じもとはどこですか? — 地元じもと is the everyday hometown word. 故郷こきょう would sound too emotional.

4. Say "I live with my parents."

Show answer

実家じっか暮くらしです — the set phrase. 両親りょうしんと住すんでいます is also correct.

5. Say "My dad came all the way to see me."

Show answer

父ちちが会あいに来きてくれた — てくれる adds the gratitude. 父ちちが来きた is correct but flat.

6. Say you're planning to go home for New Year, in a slightly formal way.

Show answer

お正月しょうがつに帰省きせいする予定よていです — 帰省きせい fits a long-holiday trip home, and works well in polite speech.

7. Say you made a day trip to your parents' place.

Show answer

実家じっかに日帰ひがえりで行いってきた — 日帰ひがえり for no overnight stay. 行いってきた focuses on the round trip.

8. Fix: 休やすみに私わたしの町まちに帰かえりました。

Show answer

休やすみに地元じもとに帰かえりました — 地元じもと is "my hometown." 私わたしの町まち sounds like you own it.

9. Recommend "a restaurant only locals know."

Show answer

地元じもとの人ひとしか知しらないレストラン — here 地元じもと means "local," for wherever you are.

FAQ

Is 実家じっか only for your parents' house? Mostly yes. It can also be the house of the family you grew up in more broadly, such as grandparents who raised you. Married people often say 妻つまの実家じっか or 夫おっとの実家じっか for their in-laws' home.

Can I say うちに帰かえる for my parents' house? If you live there, yes. Once you have moved out, うち is your own place, and 実家じっか is where your parents live.

Is 帰省きせい used for going home from abroad? Yes. 日本にほんに帰省きせいする works for someone living overseas going back to Japan for the holidays.

Is 地元じもと the same as 出身しゅっしん? Close. 出身しゅっしん is where you are "from" on paper (出身しゅっしんは北海道ほっかいどうです), while 地元じもと is the area you feel is your home turf.

What does 地元じもと愛あい mean? Hometown pride — love for your local area. It shows up in ads for local products.

Is 実家じっかに帰かえらせていただきます rude? It is excessively polite on purpose, which is why it sounds like an angry threat. Use 実家じっかに帰かえります in normal life.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

実家	じっか — parents' home, family home
地元	じもと — hometown area; local
帰省	きせい — going back home for the holidays
故郷	こきょう — hometown, birthplace (emotional)
日帰り	ひがえり — day trip, same-day return
実家暮らし	じっかぐらし — living with your parents
週末	しゅうまつ — weekend
予定	よてい — plan
満席	まんせき — fully booked, all seats taken
新幹線	しんかんせん — bullet train
景色	けしき — scenery
懐かしい	なつかしい — nostalgic, missed
お盆	おぼん — Obon, the summer holidays
お正月	おしょうがつ — New Year
出身	しゅっしん — where you are from
地元愛	じもとあい — hometown pride
両親	りょうしん — parents

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 実家じっか comes up in lessons whenever a student tells me about a family visit and reaches for "my town" — one word fixes the whole sentence.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

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