LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Talking to real people · Sep 20, 2026

〜にあたる: the word you need when two languages do not line up

〜にあたる means "corresponds to" or "falls on" — it lines two things up against each other and says this one matches that one. It is the word you need the moment you have to explain something in one language using the other.

Most learners meet this as an N3 grammar point and file it away as formal and rare. It is neither. にあたる is the single most useful sentence pattern for the conversation every learner has constantly: what is the Japanese for this thing my language has? Without it you end up pointing and repeating; with it you can ask the question properly and understand the answer when a teacher gives it back to you.

The basics

What does にあたる actually mean?

It marks an equivalence. A corresponds to B — in a system, a calendar, a family tree, a language.

「くん」にあたる英語えいごの言葉ことばはありません。 — There is no English word that corresponds to "-kun". (polite, explaining) 父ちちの兄あには、私わたしにとって伯父おじにあたります。 — My father's older brother is my uncle. (polite, explaining a relation)

The verb is 当あたる, "to hit / to strike", and the logic runs through the idea of one thing landing on another. Once you see that, the calendar use below stops looking like a separate meaning.

How do you build it?

Noun + にあたる. That is the whole pattern. It takes ordinary verb endings, so にあたります, にあたった and にあたらない are all available.

これは日本にほんのお正月しょうがつにあたる祝日しゅくじつです。 — This is the holiday that corresponds to Japanese New Year. (polite) その日にちは日曜日にちようびにあたります。 — That day falls on a Sunday. (polite, checking a calendar)

A useful habit: the thing being explained goes in front, and the thing it matches goes before にあたる. 〜にあたるのは〜です flips it when you want the equivalent as the punchline of the sentence.

Why this is the phrase for asking about words

Because the honest answer to most vocabulary questions is "nothing corresponds exactly", and this is the grammar that lets you say so.

英語えいごの "privacy" にあたる日本語にほんごは何なんですか。 — What is the Japanese word that corresponds to "privacy"? (polite, a genuinely useful question)

Compare this to 〜は日本語にほんごで何なんですか, which asks for a translation and assumes one exists. にあたる asks what lines up with it, which invites the more accurate answer: a range, a near-match, or nothing. For the simpler everyday version of the question, how do you say ___ in Japanese covers the phrase you will use ten times a day.

Beyond the basics

にあたる vs にあたって

These look almost identical and do completely different jobs. にあたる is equivalence. にあたって means "on the occasion of", marking an important moment that something else is done for.

開店かいてんにあたって、挨拶あいさつをしました。 — On the occasion of the opening, I gave a speech. (formal, written or ceremonial) これは博士号はくしごうにあたる資格しかくです。 — This is a qualification equivalent to a doctorate. (polite, explaining)

にあたって belongs to speeches, notices and formal writing, and you will mostly need to recognise it rather than produce it. にあたる, by contrast, is genuinely conversational.

The calendar use

"Falls on" is the same word, and it comes up whenever a date and a day of the week have to be reconciled.

今年ことしのこどもの日にちは水曜日すいようびにあたる。 — This year, Children's Day falls on a Wednesday. (casual, neutral)

If the day-of-the-week vocabulary is not automatic yet, days of the week and dates in Japanese is worth ten minutes before this one.

The family-tree use

Japanese kinship terms are more precise than English ones, and にあたる is how the precision gets explained.

母ははの妹いもうとにあたる人ひとです。 — She is the person who is my mother's younger sister. (polite, careful)

This matters because 叔母おば and 伯母おば are different words for what English calls one aunt, and the difference is whether she is younger or older than your parent. The whole system, including why 兄あに and お兄にいさん are not the same word, is in Japanese family words.

The negative: にあたらない

にあたらない says something does not qualify as the thing named — which makes it a polite way to decline praise or reject a category.

感謝かんしゃにはあたりません。 — There's nothing to thank me for. (formal, deflecting thanks) それは違反いはんにはあたらない。 — That doesn't constitute a violation. (neutral, often legal or official)

The second use is common in news and official statements, which is why this grammar point appears on N3 lists in the first place.

Why not just use 同おなじ?

Because 同おなじ claims sameness and にあたる only claims correspondence, and for words across two languages sameness is almost never true.

「いただきます」は英語えいごの "bon appétit" と同おなじです。 — (claims they are the same — they are not) 「いただきます」にあたる英語えいごの表現ひょうげんはありません。 — There is no English expression corresponding to いただきます. (accurate)

This is not pedantry. Saying two words are the same is how learners end up using 頑張がんばって in situations where it lands badly, and にあたる is the grammar that keeps the gap visible. The いただきます case specifically is in いただきます and ごちそうさま.

Common mistakes

  • Confusing にあたる with にあたって. Equivalence versus "on the occasion of". They share a stem and share nothing else.
  • Using を instead of に. The particle is fixed: 〜にあたる, never 〜をあたる.
  • Treating it as too formal for speech. にあたって is formal. にあたる is normal conversational Japanese, especially when explaining relationships or words.
  • Reaching for 同おなじ when explaining a translation. 同おなじ overclaims. にあたる is both more accurate and more natural.
  • Forgetting it conjugates. It is a verb, so にあたりました, にあたらない and にあたる人ひと all work normally.

The three 当あたる that matter

Form Meaning Example
〜にあたる Corresponds to, is equivalent to 伯父おじにあたる人ひと
〜にあたる Falls on (a date) 日曜日にちようびにあたる
〜にあたって On the occasion of 開店かいてんにあたって
〜にはあたらない Does not constitute, is not worth 感謝かんしゃにはあたりません

FAQ

Is にあたる formal? Mildly. It is comfortable in polite conversation and in writing, and it is not stiff the way にあたって is. A teacher will use it with you in an ordinary lesson.

What is the difference between にあたる and に相当そうとうする? に相当そうとうする is the more technical, written equivalent — you will see it in documents and specifications. にあたる is the one to say out loud.

Can I use it for "A is like B"? Not quite. にあたる claims a structural match, not a resemblance. For "it's like ___", you want みたい or ような — see みたい vs らしい vs ようだ.

Does 当あたる on its own mean the same thing? No. Plain 当あたる means to hit, to strike, or to win a prize — 宝たからくじが当あたる, "to win the lottery". The correspondence meaning needs the に.

When would I actually say this as a beginner? Any time you want to ask what matches a word from your own language, which is one of the most common things a learner needs to say and one of the last things textbooks teach.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair — same stem, different grammar.

1. Say "there is no English word corresponding to -kun."

Show answer

「くん」にあたる英語えいごの言葉ことばはありません — the thing being matched goes before にあたる.

2. Something is wrong here: 「くん」をあたる英語えいごの言葉ことば。

Show answer

「くん」にあたる英語えいごの言葉ことば — the particle is fixed as に. を is never used here.

3. Translate: これは博士号はくしごうにあたる資格しかくです。

Show answer

This is a qualification equivalent to a doctorate — にあたる is equivalence. This is the pair to question 4.

4. Translate: 開店かいてんにあたって、挨拶あいさつをしました。

Show answer

On the occasion of the opening, I gave a speech — にあたって marks an important moment, not an equivalence. This is the pair to question 3.

5. Say "that day falls on a Sunday."

Show answer

その日にちは日曜日にちようびにあたります — the calendar use, same word.

6. Explain that someone is your father's older brother, in your own family terms.

Show answer

父ちちの兄あには、私わたしにとって伯父おじにあたります — 伯父おじ is specifically the older one. The younger one is 叔父おじ.

7. Deflect thanks politely.

Show answer

感謝かんしゃにはあたりません — the negative form says the thing does not qualify as what was named.

8. Ask what Japanese word corresponds to "privacy."

Show answer

英語えいごの "privacy" にあたる日本語にほんごは何なんですか — this invites a more honest answer than asking for a straight translation.

9. Fix the overclaim: 「いただきます」は英語えいごの "bon appétit" と同おなじです。

Show answer

「いただきます」にあたる英語えいごの表現ひょうげんはありません — 同おなじ claims sameness, which is not true here. にあたる keeps the gap visible.

10. What does 宝たからくじが当あたる mean?

Show answer

To win the lottery — plain 当あたる without に means to hit or to win, not to correspond.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

当たる	あたる — to hit; to win; to correspond
言葉	ことば — word, language
表現	ひょうげん — expression
伯父	おじ — uncle (older than your parent)
叔母	おば — aunt (younger than your parent)
祝日	しゅくじつ — public holiday
日曜日	にちようび — Sunday
開店	かいてん — opening of a shop
挨拶	あいさつ — greeting, speech
資格	しかく — qualification
博士号	はかせごう — doctorate
感謝	かんしゃ — gratitude
違反	いはん — violation
相当	そうとう — equivalent, considerable
宝くじ	たからくじ — lottery
正月	しょうがつ — New Year

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. にあたる is filed under N3 and taught late, which is backwards — it is the grammar a beginner needs on day one, the moment they want to ask what their own language's word turns into over here.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N3

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