LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Getting started · Sep 22, 2026

How to type in Japanese: the IME, the space bar, and the っ nobody can find

You type Japanese by typing the sounds in romaji and pressing the space bar to convert — the IME turns かんじ into 漢字かんじ and offers you the alternatives. You never look up a kanji to type it; you type the reading and pick from a list.

This is the thing that makes writing Japanese far easier than reading it. You only need to recognise the right kanji, not produce it from memory, which is why learners can write messages long before they can write by hand.

The basics

How do you turn Japanese input on?

Each platform has it built in — nothing to install.

Device How
Mac System Settings → Keyboard → Input Sources → add Japanese. Switch with ⌃Space or the menu bar
Windows Settings → Time & Language → Language → add Japanese. Switch with the Windows key + Space
iPhone Settings → General → Keyboard → Keyboards → add Japanese (Romaji or Kana)
Android Install or enable a Japanese keyboard, then add it in the keyboard settings

On phones you get a choice: Romaji, which works like a normal keyboard, or Kana, the twelve-key flick layout Japanese people mostly use. Start with Romaji; flick input is faster in the long run and is a separate skill to learn later.

How does converting work?

Type the reading, press space, and choose.

nihongo → にほんご → 日本語にほんご — type, convert, confirm. kanji → かんじ → 漢字かんじ / 感かんじ / 幹事かんじ — the space bar cycles the candidates.

Press space once to convert, again to open the candidate list, and Enter to accept. If the first suggestion is right — and it usually is, because the IME learns what you pick — Enter alone is enough.

This is why homophones matter so much in Japanese: the IME hands you 漢字かんじ, 感かんじ and 幹事かんじ together and expects you to know which is which. That set is exactly the subject of Japanese homophones.

What are the four keystrokes everyone gets stuck on?

ん, っ, ー, and the Japanese full stop.

You want You type
ん nn (or n followed by a consonant)
っ double the next consonant — kitte → きって
ー (long vowel in katakana) the hyphen key -
。and 、 the . and , keys, in Japanese mode

The ん one causes the most trouble: typing hon alone gives ほn until you add another n. Typing honnn is a habit worth building early, and it is why Japanese learners' first typed messages are full of stray n characters.

How do you type katakana?

Type the reading and convert as usual — the IME offers katakana in the candidate list. For a guaranteed conversion, Windows uses F7 and Mac uses ⌃K to force the highlighted text into katakana.

koohii → コーヒー — note the ー, typed with the hyphen key.

Your own name is the thing you will type in katakana most often, and it follows the sound rules set out in how to write your name in Japanese.

Beyond the basics

Do you need to know the kanji to type it?

No — you need to recognise it. This is the single biggest practical difference between typing and handwriting, and it means your written Japanese can run well ahead of your handwriting for years.

The catch is that recognition without production is fragile: the IME will happily give you a kanji you half-remember, and choosing the wrong candidate produces a real word that means something else. 帰かえる and 変かえる are both かえる; 会あう and 合あう are both あう. Reading the candidate before pressing Enter is a habit worth building.

How do phone keyboards differ?

The Kana layout has twelve keys, one per kana row, and you flick in a direction to choose the vowel. Tapping あ once gives あ; flicking left gives い, up gives う, right gives え, down gives お.

It is much faster than romaji once learned, and it is what most Japanese speakers use. It is also the reason Japanese phone typing looks impossibly quick — fewer keystrokes per character than any alphabet layout allows.

If you are learning, there is no rush. Romaji input on a phone works fine and keeps one thing off your plate while you are still recognising kana at all — see which script to learn first.

What about punctuation and spaces?

Japanese uses 。for a full stop and 、for a comma, both typed with the ordinary period and comma keys while in Japanese mode. Quotation marks are 「 」, on the bracket keys.

Japanese does not use spaces between words. Leaving them in — こんにちは 田中たなかさん — is a small, visible learner tell in written messages. The exception is the middle dot ・, used between parts of a foreign name.

How do you type things you cannot read?

Two routes. If you can read the kanji but not produce the reading, most IMEs have a handwriting or radical input panel. If you have the text already — from a page, a sign photo, a message — copy it and look it up rather than trying to retype it.

For the case where you genuinely do not know a word's reading, the honest answer is that typing it is the wrong tool. Look it up first, then type the reading. Building the habit of checking a reading before using a word is also what makes reading practice stick, which is the argument in how to start reading in Japanese.

Does the IME learn your habits?

Yes, and quickly. It reorders candidates based on what you choose, so after a week of writing about anime, アニメ will beat あに目め without a fight.

This is mostly good and occasionally a trap: a wrong choice you confirm repeatedly gets promoted to first place. If your IME starts insisting on a kanji you never want, that is a habit it learned from you, and most IMEs let you clear the learning history in their settings.

Common mistakes

  • Typing n alone for ん. hon gives ほn. Type nn.
  • Hunting for a kanji key. There is none. Type the reading and convert.
  • Accepting the first candidate blindly. 変かえる and 帰かえる share a reading and mean completely different things.
  • Using English punctuation. In Japanese text it should be 。and 、.
  • Adding spaces between words. Japanese does not use them.
  • Forgetting to switch back. Half the messages learners send start in Japanese mode by accident — check the input indicator before typing an email in English.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same word, one keystroke apart.

1. What do you type to get ほん?

Show answer

honn — ん needs a double n at the end of a word. Typing hon leaves you with ほn.

2. What do you type to get ほんね (本音ほんね)?

Show answer

honne — here a single n works, because a consonant follows it. This is the pair to question 1: the trailing position is the only one that needs nn.

3. What do you type to get きって?

Show answer

kitte — the small っ is produced by doubling the following consonant.

4. How do you type コーヒー?

Show answer

koohii, then convert — the ー is the hyphen key, and the IME offers the katakana form. ⌃K on Mac or F7 on Windows forces it.

5. You typed かんじ and the IME offers 漢字かんじ, 感かんじ and 幹事かんじ. Which is "kanji, the characters"?

Show answer

漢字かんじ — 感かんじ is "a feeling" and 幹事かんじ is the person who organises a party. Read the candidate before pressing Enter.

6. How do you type the Japanese full stop?

Show answer

The period key, in Japanese mode — it produces 。automatically. The comma key gives 、.

7. Should you put spaces between Japanese words?

Show answer

No — Japanese does not use word spacing. The only common separator is ・ between parts of a foreign name.

8. Do you need to be able to write a kanji by hand to type it?

Show answer

No — only to recognise it — you type the reading and pick from the list, which is why typed Japanese runs years ahead of handwriting.

9. Your IME keeps suggesting a kanji you never want. Why?

Show answer

It learned it from you — confirming a candidate promotes it. Most IMEs let you clear the learning history in settings.

10. You want to type a word you have heard but cannot spell in kana. What is the right move?

Show answer

Look up the reading first — typing is the wrong tool for finding a word. The IME converts readings; it does not identify sounds you are unsure of.

FAQ

Do I need to buy a Japanese keyboard? No. Romaji input means your existing keyboard works. A physical Japanese keyboard has kana printed on the keys, which matters only if you use kana input.

Which is better on a phone, Romaji or Kana? Kana (flick) is faster once learned and is what most Japanese speakers use. Romaji is easier to start with, and switching later costs nothing.

How does the IME know which kanji I want? It guesses from frequency, from the surrounding words, and from what you have chosen before. It is usually right and occasionally confidently wrong.

Can I type Japanese without knowing kana? Technically yes, since you type romaji — but you will not be able to check whether what appeared is correct. Learn kana first; it takes a couple of weeks.

How do I type small characters like ぁ or ゃ? Precede them with an x or l — xa gives ぁ, xya gives ゃ. Most of the time you do not need this, because combinations like きゃ come from typing kya.

Why do my messages have random n letters in them? Because ん needs nn at the end of a word. Every learner goes through this phase, and the fix is muscle memory rather than a setting.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

入力	にゅうりょく — input, typing
変換	へんかん — conversion (the IME's job)
確定	かくてい — confirming the conversion
候補	こうほ — candidate (in the conversion list)
半角	はんかく — half-width characters
全角	ぜんかく — full-width characters
記号	きごう — symbol, punctuation mark
句読点	くとうてん — punctuation (。and 、)
設定	せってい — settings
辞書	じしょ — dictionary
学習	がくしゅう — learning (what the IME does)
漢字	かんじ — kanji
感じ	かんじ — a feeling
幹事	かんじ — the organiser of an event
切手	きって — postage stamp
本音	ほんね — true feelings

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. Typing is where students first feel literate, usually about a month in — they can suddenly write sentences full of kanji they could not draw, because the machine does the drawing and they only have to recognise the right one.

Book a trial lesson · $13

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars. Platform menu paths change between operating system versions; check your device's settings if a path differs.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5

Want to try this in a real conversation?

30-minute trial lesson, $13. Times shown in your own timezone.

Book a trial lesson · $13