LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Getting started · Sep 22, 2026

How to write your name in Japanese: katakana, sound by sound

Your name goes in katakana, and it is converted from how it sounds rather than how it is spelled — so Charlotte becomes シャーロット, not something built letter by letter. Kanji versions exist but are a different thing entirely, and mostly a bad idea.

This is the first thing most people want to write in Japanese, and the conversion has real rules. Once you can see them, you can convert any name, including ones no Japanese textbook has ever listed.

The basics

Why katakana and not kanji?

Because katakana is the script Japanese uses for foreign words and foreign names. Writing your name in katakana is not a compromise — it is the correct, standard, expected form.

シャーロット。 — Charlotte. (katakana, standard) スミス。 — Smith. (katakana, family name) マリア・ガルシア。 — Maria Garcia. (the dot separates given and family names)

The middle dot ・ is the standard separator between parts of a foreign name. A space is not used. Which script does which job is the subject of Japanese writing systems, and names are one of katakana's core duties.

How does the conversion work?

By sound, syllable by syllable. Japanese syllables are almost all consonant-plus-vowel, so every consonant that stands alone in your name picks up a vowel.

トーマス。 — Thomas. (to-o-ma-su — the s at the end becomes ス) デイビッド。 — David. (de-i-bi-ddo) アンナ。 — Anna.

The default vowel added is ウ (as in ス, ク, ム), except after t and d, where it is オ (ト, ド). This is why "Smith" is ス-ミ-ス and "Bert" is バ-ー-ト. Silent letters disappear entirely, because the conversion never sees your spelling.

What happens to sounds Japanese does not have?

They map onto the nearest available sound, and the mapping is consistent.

English sound Japanese Example
L and R ラ行ぎょう (both) Laura → ローラ
V バ行ぎょう (or ヴ) Victor → ビクター
TH サ行ぎょう or ジ Ruth → ルース
Si シ Cindy → シンディ
F フ + small vowel Fiona → フィオナ
W ワ/ウ + vowel Wendy → ウェンディ

L and R merging is the one that surprises people: Laura and Rora would be written identically. This is not sloppiness — Japanese has one liquid consonant where English has two, so the distinction does not exist to be preserved.

What are ー and ッ doing?

ー is a long vowel, and ッ is a doubled consonant. Both are extremely common in names and both change the rhythm, which is how a name sounds right or wrong to a Japanese ear.

ピーター。 — Peter. (the ー holds the vowel) ニック。 — Nick. (the small ッ stops the sound before the k) ジェニファー。 — Jennifer.

Length in Japanese is not decoration: it distinguishes words, the way 人魚にんぎょ and 人形にんぎょう are two different things — see long vowels. In a name, getting ー wrong makes people hesitate before repeating it back.

Beyond the basics

Should you get a kanji version of your name?

Almost certainly not. Kanji versions of foreign names are 当あて字じ — characters chosen for sound with the meanings ignored, or chosen for meaning with the sound ignored. Neither is your name, and both invite a reaction you will not be able to read.

The practical problems: nobody will be able to read it without being told, official documents will not use it, and a set of characters chosen to sound like your name can carry a meaning you did not intend. Long-term residents sometimes adopt one, usually with help from someone who knows exactly what each character signals.

If you want your name in Japanese for a tattoo, a katakana version is the honest one, and it is the version an actual Japanese person would write.

Which order do the names go in?

Japanese order is family name first. In Japanese contexts, including forms, you will normally be asked for 姓せい (family name) then 名めい (given name).

スミス・エマ。 — Smith Emma. (Japanese order) エマ・スミス。 — Emma Smith. (Western order, also common and understood)

Both appear in practice, and neither will confuse anyone. On a paper form, follow the labels: 姓せい is family, 名めい is given. The self-introduction that goes with it has its own conventions, laid out in 自己紹介じこしょうかい.

What if there are two possible spellings?

There usually are, and both are correct. デイビッド and デービッド are both David; ジェシカ and ジェッシカ both appear.

The tiebreaker most people use is precedent: whatever spelling a well-known person with that name already has in Japanese is the one that will read most naturally. Searching the name in katakana and seeing what comes back is a legitimate method, and it is what a Japanese speaker would do to check.

Once you pick one, stay with it. Consistency matters more than which variant you chose, because your name is going to sit on forms and in messages where a mismatch looks like a different person.

Do you add さん to your own name?

No — never. さん is applied to other people. Introducing yourself as スミスさん sounds like announcing your own title.

○ スミスです。 — I'm Smith. (polite self-introduction) × スミスさんです。 — (sounds like you are honouring yourself)

The same goes for 先生せんせい and every other honorific: they attach to others, not to you. The full grid of which suffix means what is in honorifics.

Where will you actually need this?

Hotel forms, delivery slips, hospital reception, lesson bookings and anywhere a name field appears. In most of those, the romanised version is also accepted — but the katakana version is the one people can read aloud, which is what you want when someone calls your name in a waiting room.

Practising until you can write it from memory takes about ten minutes and pays for itself on the first form. Write it a few times by hand; katakana strokes are simple, and yours is the one word you will write most often.

Common mistakes

  • Converting the spelling instead of the sound. Silent letters do not appear. "Knight" is ナイト, with no ク.
  • Using hiragana. Not wrong in a childhood-nickname way, but it looks odd — foreign names take katakana.
  • Choosing kanji for the meaning. 当あて字じ chosen for a pretty meaning often reads as a strange word, and no one can pronounce it.
  • Forgetting ー. ピタ instead of ピーター changes the rhythm enough to stop people recognising it.
  • Adding さん to yourself. スミスです, never スミスさんです.
  • Switching between spellings. Pick デイビッド or デービッド and use one everywhere.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same sound, one with a long vowel and one without.

1. Write "Peter" in katakana.

Show answer

ピーター — the ー holds the first vowel. Without it, ピタ, the name stops being recognisable.

2. Write "Pita" (as in the bread) in katakana.

Show answer

ピタ — no long vowel, because the sound is short. This is the pair to question 1: the ー is the whole difference.

3. Write "Nick" in katakana.

Show answer

ニック — the small ッ doubles the consonant and stops the sound, which is how the clipped English ending is reproduced.

4. Write "Smith" in katakana.

Show answer

スミス — the s sounds each pick up ウ. The th becomes ス here, following the sound rather than the spelling.

5. Write "Laura" in katakana.

Show answer

ローラ — L maps to ラ行ぎょう, and the long o takes ー. A name spelled "Rora" would come out identically.

6. Write "Victor" in katakana.

Show answer

ビクター — V becomes ビ. ヴィクター also exists and is less common in everyday writing.

7. Write "Anna Garcia" with the correct separator.

Show answer

アンナ・ガルシア — the middle dot ・ separates the parts of a foreign name. A space is not used.

8. A form asks for 姓せい and then 名めい. Which goes where?

Show answer

姓せい = family name, 名めい = given name — Japanese order puts the family name first.

9. Introduce yourself as Smith, politely.

Show answer

スミスです — never スミスさんです. さん is for other people.

10. Someone offers to write your name in kanji "so it means something beautiful." What is the risk?

Show answer

当あて字じ chosen for meaning often reads as a strange word — and nobody can pronounce it without being told. Katakana is the version a Japanese person would actually write.

FAQ

Is katakana for my name insulting or "lesser"? Not at all. It is the standard script for foreign names, used in newspapers, contracts and passports alike. It signals "foreign word," which your name is.

Can I choose a Japanese name instead? You can, and some long-term residents do, but it is a social decision rather than a translation. In most contexts a katakana version of your real name is simpler and better understood.

How do I know if my katakana is right? Say it aloud to a Japanese speaker and see whether they repeat it back unchanged. That is the whole test — names are correct when they sound right, not when they match the letters.

What about names with sounds Japanese lacks entirely? They map to the nearest available sound, and the result is a Japanese version of your name rather than a copy. This is normal, and it is what happens to Japanese names in English too.

Should I use ヴ for V? ビ is more common and easier to read. ヴ exists and appears in careful transcriptions, but nobody will think less of ビクター.

Do I need a hanko (name stamp)? Not as a visitor. Residents sometimes get one for bank and contract paperwork, and foreign residents' hanko are often made in katakana.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

名前	なまえ — name
姓	せい — family name
名	めい — given name
苗字	みょうじ — surname
片仮名	カタカナ — katakana (the script for foreign words)
平仮名	ひらがな — hiragana
漢字	かんじ — kanji
当て字	あてじ — characters used for sound, ignoring meaning
外国人	がいこくじん — foreigner
自己紹介	じこしょうかい — self-introduction
書き方	かきかた — how to write something
発音	はつおん — pronunciation
長音	ちょうおん — long vowel (the ー)
判子	はんこ — name stamp, seal
記入する	きにゅうする — to fill in (a form)
用紙	ようし — form, sheet

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. Writing their own name is the first thing almost every student wants, and the moment it clicks is always the same: they stop spelling and start listening, and suddenly they can convert any name they hear.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5

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