LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Talking to real people · Sep 19, 2026

飲み会のみかい and 無礼講ぶれいこう: the words you need at a Japanese drinking party

飲み会のみかい is a drinking party with colleagues or friends, and 無礼講ぶれいこう is the word someone says at the start to announce that rank does not apply tonight — which is a generous fiction roughly as often as it is a fact.

If you work in Japan, study in Japan, or make Japanese friends anywhere, you will end up at one of these. The vocabulary is small and almost entirely fixed, which is good news: learn twenty words and the evening stops being opaque. What follows is that list, in the order the evening actually happens.

The basics

The word itself

飲み会のみかい (のみかい) is 飲のむ ("to drink") plus 会かい ("gathering"). It covers everything from four colleagues after work to a fifty-person year-end party.

今日きょう、飲み会のみかいがあります。 — There's a drinking party today. (polite; a statement of fact, often slightly resigned) 飲み会のみかいに行いきませんか。 — Would you like to come to the drinking party? (polite invitation)

Note that a 飲み会のみかい is not defined by drinking alcohol. People who do not drink attend constantly, order soft drinks and are entirely normal participants. The gathering is the point.

The named occasions

Japanese has a specific word for each standard reason to hold one, and they are worth knowing because the invitation will use the name rather than an explanation.

  • 歓迎会かんげいかい (かんげいかい) — a welcome party, for someone who just joined.
  • 送別会そうべつかい (そうべつかい) — a farewell party, for someone leaving.
  • 忘年会ぼうねんかい (ぼうねんかい) — the end-of-year party. Literally "forget the year."
  • 新年会しんねんかい (しんねんかい) — the new-year party, in January.
  • 打ち上うちあげ (うちあげ) — the celebration after a project or a performance ends.

来週らいしゅう、送別会そうべつかいがあります。 — There's a farewell party next week. (polite)

乾杯かんぱい and the rule about it

The evening starts with 乾杯かんぱい (かんぱい), "cheers." The rule that matters: nobody drinks until it has been said.

乾杯かんぱい! — Cheers! (the toast; everyone raises glasses together) とりあえずビールで。 — Beer to start, please. (casual-polite; the classic first order) すみません、枝豆えだまめを頼たのんでもいいですか。 — Excuse me, is it okay if I order edamame? (polite; 頼たのむ = to order)

とりあえずビール — "beer for now" — exists because the first round is ordered together so the toast can happen at once. Ordering something that takes ten minutes to prepare delays everyone, which is the actual reason behind a phrase often explained as beer culture.

お疲つかれさま, the other universal phrase

お疲つかれさまです is the greeting, the thank-you, the goodbye and the toast substitute of Japanese working life. At a 飲み会のみかい it is said constantly, and it is the safe thing to say when you do not know what to say.

お疲つかれさまです。 — Thanks for your work today. (polite; greeting a colleague, at any time) お疲つかれさまでした。 — Thanks for your hard work. (polite, past; said when leaving)

Beyond the basics

無礼講ぶれいこう — what it means and how true it is

無礼講ぶれいこう (ぶれいこう) literally means a gathering without rules of etiquette. Someone senior announces it at the start: 今日きょうは無礼講ぶれいこうで, "tonight, no formality."

今日きょうは無礼講ぶれいこうで。 — Tonight, rank doesn't apply. (spoken by the most senior person present)

Here is the honest version. It genuinely loosens things — the language gets more casual, jokes happen, people say things they would not say at 3pm. It does not delete the hierarchy. The person who announced 無礼講ぶれいこう is still your boss tomorrow morning, and everyone in the room knows it.

The practical reading: treat it as permission to relax one notch, not as an invitation to say whatever you think. This is the same mechanism as honne and tatemae — a ritual that makes space for a little more honesty without ever removing the frame around it. When and how far to drop your polite forms is keigo vs casual, and a 飲み会のみかい shifts that dial rather than switching it off.

一次会いちじかい, 二次会にじかい and お開ひらき

The evening comes in numbered rounds. 一次会いちじかい (いちじかい) is the first venue; 二次会にじかい (にじかい) is the second, often karaoke; 三次会さんじかい exists and is where judgement goes to die.

二次会にじかい、行いきますか。 — Are you going on to the second round? (casual-polite; a genuine question, and no is a normal answer)

お開ひらき (おひらき) is the word for ending the party. It literally means "opening," a superstition-driven substitute for saying "closing" — Japanese avoids inauspicious words at celebrations the way English avoids saying "quiet" in a hospital.

そろそろお開ひらきにしましょう。 — Let's wrap it up soon. (polite; the organiser's line)

幹事かんじ and 割り勘わりかん

幹事かんじ (かんじ) is the organiser — the person who booked the place, collects the money and herds everyone. It is usually the most junior person, and it is real work.

割り勘わりかん (わりかん) is splitting the bill evenly. It is the default among friends and colleagues of similar rank; where ranks differ, the senior person often quietly covers more.

割り勘わりかんでいいですか。 — Is splitting it evenly okay? (polite; standard, not stingy)

飲み放題のみほうだい (のみほうだい) — all you can drink for a fixed time and price — is extremely common and is why the bill is usually announced as a flat per-person figure before anyone orders.

お酌しゃく — pouring for other people

At a traditional 飲み会のみかい you do not pour your own drink. You pour for the person next to you, they pour for you, and both of you hold the bottle or glass with two hands when rank is involved.

どうぞ。 — Here you go. (offering to pour; the whole sentence) ありがとうございます。 — Thank you. (polite; said while holding your glass up to receive)

This is less strictly observed than it was, and in a relaxed group nobody will mind. Noticing an empty glass next to you and offering is a small, cheap way to be a good guest.

How to not drink

This matters and is straightforward. Refusing alcohol is completely normal and needs no medical explanation.

お酒さけは飲のめません。 — I can't drink alcohol. (polite; 飲のめません, the potential form, is stronger and cleaner than 飲のみません) ウーロン茶ちゃをお願ねがいします。 — Oolong tea, please. (polite; the standard non-alcoholic order)

飲のめません ("I am unable to") closes the topic in a way 飲のみません ("I don't") does not, because the latter invites persuasion. If you want to leave the door open, ソフトドリンクでお願ねがいします works without any explanation at all. For the wider set of ways Japanese says no without the word, see how to say no in Japanese.

Pressuring people to drink has a name — アルハラ, from "alcohol harassment" — and it is treated as a genuine workplace problem rather than a joke. You are on solid ground declining.

Common mistakes

  • Drinking before 乾杯かんぱい. Wait. It is the one piece of timing everybody notices.
  • Taking 無礼講ぶれいこう literally. It lowers the register by one notch. It does not make your boss your equal for the evening.
  • Saying 飲のみません when you mean you can't. 飲のめません is clearer and ends the conversation kindly.
  • Pouring your own drink and nobody else's. Not a scandal, but noticing the glass beside you is most of being a good guest.
  • Assuming 二次会にじかい is compulsory. It is not. 今日きょうはこれで失礼しつれいします ("I'll leave it here for today") is a complete and polite exit.
  • Calling every party a 飲み会のみかい in an invitation. If it has a name — 歓迎会かんげいかい, 忘年会ぼうねんかい — use the name. It tells people what the evening is for.

The evening, in order

Stage Word Reading What happens
Before 幹事かんじ かんじ The organiser books and collects
Start 乾杯かんぱい かんぱい The toast; nobody drinks first
Start 無礼講ぶれいこう ぶれいこう Rank is declared suspended
Ordering とりあえずビール — The shared first round
Ordering 飲み放題のみほうだい のみほうだい Fixed price, fixed time
During お酌しゃく おしゃく Pouring for each other
During お疲つかれさま おつかれさま Said roughly forty times
End of round 1 一次会いちじかい いちじかい The first venue
Round 2 二次会にじかい にじかい Usually karaoke; optional
Close お開ひらき おひらき Ending the party
Bill 割り勘わりかん わりかん Splitting evenly

FAQ

Do I have to go? Attendance is social rather than contractual, and declining occasionally is fine. Going to the first one you are invited to buys a lot of goodwill, and leaving after 一次会いちじかい is completely normal.

What do I say when I arrive? お疲つかれさまです. It works as hello, and it works with everyone regardless of rank. You genuinely do not need a second phrase.

Is it rude to leave early? No. 先さきに失礼しつれいします ("excuse me for leaving first") is the phrase, and it is used constantly, in offices as well as at parties. Say it to the organiser and to whoever is nearest.

What is アルハラ? Short for "alcohol harassment" — pressuring someone to drink. It is a recognised term and taken seriously, so declining is socially supported, not awkward.

What should I talk about? Work, food, where everyone lives, hobbies, and whatever is on the television. Salary, politics and anything that would be a complaint about a person present are the ones to avoid.

Is 無礼講ぶれいこう still said? Yes, though less often and often half-jokingly, which is itself a comment on how literally anyone takes it.

Practice

Build each answer before opening it. Questions 5 and 6 are a pair — one is stronger than the other.

1. Say "There's a drinking party today."

Show answer

今日きょう、飲み会のみかいがあります — 飲み会のみかい takes ある, because you are saying an event exists.

2. Which party is held for someone who is leaving?

Show answer

送別会そうべつかい — 送おくる ("to send off") plus 別わかれ ("parting"). The one for a new arrival is 歓迎会かんげいかい.

3. What is the one thing nobody does before 乾杯かんぱい?

Show answer

Drink — glasses are raised together. It is the most visible piece of timing at the table.

4. Order the classic first round.

Show answer

とりあえずビールで — "beer for now." The first round is ordered together so the toast can happen at once.

5. Say "I can't drink alcohol," in the way that closes the subject.

Show answer

お酒さけは飲のめません — the potential form, "unable to." This is the pair to question 6.

6. Say "I don't drink," and explain why it is the weaker choice.

Show answer

お酒さけは飲のみません — it states a habit, so it leaves room for someone to encourage you. 飲のめません does not. This is the pair to question 5.

7. Politely leave before everyone else.

Show answer

先さきに失礼しつれいします — "excuse me for going first." Completely standard, and not rude at all.

8. Your boss announces 今日きょうは無礼講ぶれいこうで. What has actually changed?

Show answer

The register drops one notch — casual speech and jokes become fine. The hierarchy itself has not gone anywhere, and everyone present knows it.

9. Ask whether everyone is splitting the bill evenly.

Show answer

割り勘わりかんでいいですか — the normal default. Asking is not stingy.

10. What does お開ひらき mean, and why is the word so oddly cheerful?

Show answer

Ending the party — literally "opening." Inauspicious words like "close" and "end" are avoided at celebrations, so the language substitutes their opposite.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

飲み会	のみかい — drinking party
無礼講	ぶれいこう — a gathering where rank is set aside
乾杯	かんぱい — cheers, a toast
歓迎会	かんげいかい — welcome party
送別会	そうべつかい — farewell party
忘年会	ぼうねんかい — end-of-year party
新年会	しんねんかい — new-year party
打ち上げ	うちあげ — wrap party, celebration
幹事	かんじ — the organiser
一次会	いちじかい — the first venue
二次会	にじかい — the second round
お開き	おひらき — ending the party
割り勘	わりかん — splitting the bill evenly
飲み放題	のみほうだい — all you can drink
お酌	おしゃく — pouring a drink for someone
お酒	おさけ — alcohol
失礼	しつれい — rudeness; "excuse me"
疲れる	つかれる — to get tired
飲む	のむ — to drink
頼む	たのむ — to ask for, to order

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. The 飲み会のみかい is where most of my students' first real Japanese conversations happen, and the two phrases that save the evening are the least impressive ones: お疲つかれさまです when you arrive, and 先さきに失礼しつれいします when you go.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N3

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