LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 17, 2026

〜から〜まで: "from" and "to," and the one extra syllable that changes everything

から marks where something starts and まで marks where it ends — in time (九時くじから五時ごじまで) or in space (東京とうきょうから大阪おおさかまで). The thing to watch is までに: adding に turns "until" into "by," and that single syllable is the difference between "work until Friday" and "finish it by Friday."

This is one of the first grammar pairs a beginner learns and one of the last they stop making errors in, because the から/まで half is genuinely simple and the まで/までに half is genuinely not.

The basics

から: the starting point

から attaches directly to a noun and means "from" — a time, a place, or a source.

九時くじから働はたらきます。 — I work from nine. (polite, describing a schedule) 東京とうきょうから来きました。 — I came from Tokyo. (polite, the standard self-introduction line)

There is no particle between the noun and から. 九時くじにから is wrong — から replaces the に you would otherwise use.

まで: the end point

まで is から's partner and means "until" or "as far as."

五時ごじまで働はたらきます。 — I work until five. (polite) 大阪おおさかまで行いきます。 — I'll go as far as Osaka. (polite, on a train)

Note the "as far as" sense with places: 大阪おおさかまで行いきます says Osaka is where you stop, which is subtly different from 大阪おおさかに行いきます ("I'm going to Osaka"). The まで version emphasizes the extent of the journey; the に version just names the destination.

The pair together

Used together, they bracket a stretch of time or space.

月曜日げつようびから金曜日きんようびまで学校がっこうがあります。 — I have school from Monday to Friday. (polite, a weekly schedule) 駅えきから家いえまで歩あるきます。 — I walk from the station to my house. (polite)

Either half can be dropped if it is obvious. 五時ごじまで大丈夫だいじょうぶです ("I'm free until five") does not need a から if the listener knows you are talking about now.

Beyond the basics

まで vs までに: continuing vs deadline

This is the distinction that matters, and it is worth slowing down for.

  • まで — the action continues up to that point
  • までに — the action must be completed by that point

五時ごじまで待まちます。 — I'll wait until five. (polite — the waiting continues right up to five) 五時ごじまでに来きてください。 — Please come by five. (polite — arriving is a single event that must happen before five)

The test is whether the verb describes something ongoing or something that happens once. 待まつ (wait), 働はたらく (work), 勉強べんきょうする (study) stretch across time, so they take まで. 来くる (come), 出だす (submit), 終おわる (finish) happen at a point, so they take までに.

金曜日きんようびまでに提出ていしゅつしてください。 — Please submit it by Friday. (polite, a deadline) 金曜日きんようびまで働はたらきます。 — I'll work until Friday. (polite — 働はたらく stretches, so まで is correct here)

Get this wrong in a work email and you will have said something that does not parse. 金曜日きんようびまで提出ていしゅつしてください reads as "please keep submitting it until Friday," which is not a request anyone makes.

から also means "because"

The same から does double duty as a reason marker, attached to a clause rather than a noun.

寒さむいから、窓まどを閉しめます。 — It's cold, so I'll close the window. (casual-polite)

Position tells you which job it is doing. After a noun, it is "from." After a full clause, it is "because." For the difference between this から and ので, see から vs ので — the choice is about how much you want to push your reason at the listener.

〜てから: "after doing"

Attach から to the te-form and you get a sequence marker.

ご飯めしを食たべてから、出でかけます。 — I'll go out after eating. (polite)

This is the same "starting point" idea applied to an action rather than a noun: eating is the point the going-out starts from. It has its own set of traps, covered in 〜てから — chiefly that 食たべたから means "because I ate," a completely different sentence.

からの and までの: modifying a noun

To attach a から or まで phrase to a noun, insert の.

東京とうきょうからの電車でんしゃは遅おくれています。 — The train from Tokyo is delayed. (polite, a station announcement) 大阪おおさかまでの切符きっぷをください。 — A ticket to Osaka, please. (polite, at a ticket window)

大阪おおさかまでの切符きっぷ is worth memorizing as a chunk — it is the most efficient way to buy a ticket in Japanese, and the の is not optional.

から as "made from"

With materials, から means the source material has been transformed; で means it has not.

ワインはぶどうから作つくります。 — Wine is made from grapes. (polite — the grapes are no longer recognizable) この机つくえは木きで作つくりました。 — This desk was made of wood. (polite — it is still wood)

This is a small distinction that Japanese marks and English mostly does not, and it is a satisfying one once you see it: から for chemical change, で for assembly.

Common mistakes

  • Using まで for a deadline. 金曜日きんようびまで出だしてください means "keep submitting until Friday." The deadline version is 金曜日きんようびまでに.
  • Adding に before から. 九時くじにから is not a sentence. から replaces the に.
  • Using までに with a continuing verb. 五時ごじまでに待まちます is odd — waiting stretches, so it takes まで.
  • Dropping the の in からの / までの. 大阪おおさかまで切符きっぷ is missing a piece. It is 大阪おおさかまでの切符きっぷ.
  • Confusing から (from) with から (because). Check what it is attached to: a noun means "from," a clause means "because."
  • Using から for materials that stay visible. 木きから作つくった机つくえ suggests the wood was processed beyond recognition. For a plain wooden desk, use で.

まで or までに?

Verb type Particle Example
Continuing (待まつ, 働はたらく, 勉強べんきょうする) まで 五時ごじまで待まちます
One-off (来くる, 出だす, 終おわる) までに 五時ごじまでに来きてください
Stating a range of time 〜から〜まで 九時くじから五時ごじまで
Stating a range of space 〜から〜まで 駅えきから家いえまで
Attaching to a noun 〜からの / 〜までの 大阪おおさかまでの切符きっぷ

Practice

Questions 1 and 2 are the pair that decides whether your Japanese email makes sense.

1. Say "I'll wait until five," politely.

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五時ごじまで待まちます。 — 待まつ stretches across time, so it takes まで.

2. Say "please come by five," politely.

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五時ごじまでに来きてください。 — 来くる happens once, so it needs までに. One syllable, completely different meaning.

3. Say "I have school from Monday to Friday."

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月曜日げつようびから金曜日きんようびまで学校がっこうがあります。 — から and まで bracket the range, with no extra particles.

4. Say "I came from Tokyo."

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東京とうきょうから来きました。 — から attaches straight to the noun. No に in front of it.

5. Buy a ticket to Osaka at a window.

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大阪おおさかまでの切符きっぷをください。 — The の is required to attach まで to 切符きっぷ. Worth memorizing whole.

6. Say "please submit it by Friday."

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金曜日きんようびまでに提出ていしゅつしてください。 — A deadline for a one-off action: までに.

7. Say "I'll go out after eating."

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ご飯めしを食たべてから、出でかけます。 — て-form plus から. 食たべたから would mean "because I ate."

8. Say "wine is made from grapes."

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ワインはぶどうから作つくります。 — から, because the grapes are transformed beyond recognition. A wooden desk would take で.

9. Fix this: 九時くじにから働はたらきます。

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九時くじから働はたらきます。 — から replaces the に. They cannot both appear.

10. Fix this: 金曜日きんようびまで出だしてください。

Show answer

金曜日きんようびまでに出だしてください。 — The original says "keep submitting until Friday." A deadline needs までに.

FAQ

Is まで ever used with に for a continuing action? No. If the action stretches across time, まで is correct and までに would be ungrammatical. The に specifically marks a point by which a completed event must occur.

What is the difference between 大阪おおさかに行いきます and 大阪おおさかまで行いきます? に names the destination; まで emphasizes the extent of the journey — "as far as Osaka." On a train, まで is more natural because you are describing how far you travel. For a plan, に is the neutral choice.

Can から and まで both be dropped? Each can be dropped when it is obvious from context. Dropping both leaves you with a bare noun, which no longer expresses a range at all.

Does から need の before every noun? Only when the から phrase is modifying the noun directly: 東京とうきょうからの電車でんしゃ. If から is modifying a verb, no の appears: 東京とうきょうから来きました.

How do I say "from now on"? これから. It is a fixed expression and one of the most useful two-word phrases in the language — これからよろしくお願ねがいします is standard when starting anything with someone new.

Is までに used with a time span like "within three days"? For a span, Japanese prefers 三日みっか以内いないに ("within three days"). までに needs a specific point: 三日みっか後あとまでに would mean "by three days from now," which is a point, not a span.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

から	から — from; because
まで	まで — until, as far as
までに	までに — by (a deadline)
働く	はたらく — to work
待つ	まつ — to wait
提出	ていしゅつ — submission
出す	だす — to submit, to put out
切符	きっぷ — ticket
遅れる	おくれる — to be delayed
閉める	しめる — to close
寒い	さむい — cold
出かける	でかける — to go out
作る	つくる — to make
木	き — tree, wood
机	つくえ — desk
以内	いない — within
月曜日	げつようび — Monday
金曜日	きんようび — Friday

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. まで and までに is the error that survives longest in my students' writing — everyone learns the rule in one minute, and then writes 金曜日きんようびまで送おくってください in a real email six months later.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5

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